You write a to-do list with ten items. You start the first one, get pulled into a chat, then answer a call. By evening you've been busy all day and crossed off two things, neither of them the ones that mattered.
Time Blocking is a prioritization tool that has you assign every task a specific slot on your calendar, so each part of your day has a job before it begins. You decide in advance what you'll do and when, then give each block a single task to work on during that time. A plain to-do list names your tasks but leaves the timing open, which is why important items drift for days. A time block fixes the when, and a task with a set time and place is far more likely to actually happen.
Planning the day in blocks does three useful things at once. It shows you honestly how much really fits between morning and evening, so you stop overloading the list. It guards your important work by giving it a reserved slot before smaller demands can fill the space. And it removes the constant small question of "what should I do now?", because the calendar already answered it.
Run your day through five steps. A calendar and an honest sense of how long things take are all you need.
You have a packed Saturday: groceries, a dentist appointment, laundry, an hour of exam revision, a call with your sister, and meal prep for the week. Rather than diving in and hoping it all gets done, you sketch the day in blocks. The dentist is at nine, groceries straight after at ten, revision from eleven to twelve while your mind is still fresh, then lunch and a break. Laundry runs in the background from one, the call with your sister sits at three, and meal prep takes the slot at five. You leave four o'clock free in case something overruns.
By following the blocks, you finish everything on the list, including the hour of revision a plain to-do list would have pushed to "later" and never reached. The day didn't have more hours in it. You simply decided in advance which hour each task would use.